Since cell membranes are composed primarily of lipids, accumulate funds for anesthesia in cell membranes. To reduce the symptoms of depression are used rezerpinovoy MAO inhibitors. Unlike guanetidina reserpine practically does not cause orthostatic hypotension. Death occurs due to heart failure and respiratory arrest. This group of drugs administered intravenously often (Intravenous anesthesia). Pulse frequent, weak filling. Amplified cough and gag reflexes (possible vomiting). First of all oppressed braking systems of the CNS, connected with this stage excitation. Virtually no sensitizes the myocardium to adrenaline and noradrenaline. Nitrous oxide (N2O) - a gas with low drug activity. Narcosis develops in the first minutes after administration, with virtually no stage of excitation and different low controllability. Vapors of volatile liquids or gaseous substances enter the airways through a special tracheal tube introduced into master budget trachea through the glottis. Therefore, the inhibition of master budget accumulated in the cytoplasm of adrenergic endings stands out master budget the endings and stimulates postsynaptic adrenoceptors. Less soluble in blood and therefore is faster. Stage of excitation. Not irritates master budget respiratory tract. Reserpine deposited in membranes of vesicles and prevents input of dopamine (DA) reuptake and norepinephrine (NE) vesicles. However, by systematically taking reserpine in some patients may be side effects: unpleasant subjective Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (scattering of thoughts, inability to concentrate), drowsiness, dizziness, depression, Parkinson's master budget bradycardia, nasal congestion, master budget mouth, reinforced secretion of gastric glands (contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease), diarrhea, gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual irregularities cycle. This group drugs are substances that alter the master budget here the CNS, master budget a direct influence master budget its various divisions - master budget oblong or spinal cord. Some substances can cause both stimulating and depressing effects (such as the antidepressant imipramine). This allows the field conditions Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome ether anesthesia using a simple master budget Currently, diethyl ether is rarely used for anesthesia. Reserpine is contraindicated in depression, Parkinson's disease, ulcers, pheochromocytoma. Reserpine prevents seizure noradrenaline vesicles. Patients develop motor and language stimulation (they can scream, cry, sing). Aftereffect almost absent. Inhalation anesthesia is easily controlled, since drugs substances are quickly absorbed and are excreted through the respiratory tract. To prevent hypoxia anesthesiologists used a mixture of oxygen containing 70% nitrous oxide. Isoflurane (Foran) compared with enfluranom is faster, more active (IAC -1,2%), less toxic (in the liver is metabolized 0.2% isoflurane). MAC sevoflurane - 2%. This is manifested symptoms such as miosis, bradycardia, increased secretion of glands gastric motility of the gastrointestinal tract reinforced. Anesthesia occurs within 3-5 minutes. There is cyanosis of skin and mucous membranes. May cause a reduction in blood pressure and reflex tachycardia. When combined with suxamethonium halothane can sometimes cause malignant hyperthermia (raising the temperature to 42-43 ° C, a tonic reduction in skeletal muscle) associated with an increase level of Ca2 master budget in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. Analgesia and muscle relaxation in the application of halothane are expressed in less than an ethereal anesthesia. Drugs in this group (the vapors of volatile liquids or gases) are introduced into the body through inhalation (Inhalation). The drug can be prescribed long time (adjusting to reserpine does not develop). Stage analgesia - the loss of pain sensitivity in preservation of consciousness. Pupils are maximally dilated. No adverse effects were observed. At the same time under the action of reserpine, master budget inhibitors should not be used. Approximately 20% of halothane is metabolized in the liver with the formation of toxic compounds (trihloretanol, etc.). Transmission of nerve impulses in the synapses of the CNS, as Ear, Nose and Throat the synapses of the peripheral nervous system, by means of neurotransmitters. However, in the first place shows the action of these substances on the central nervous system. When seeking funds for non-flammable inhalation anesthetics were synthesized by halogen hydrocarbons having narcotic properties - halothane, enfluran, isoflurane, sevoflurane. Tools for inhalational anesthesia have nonspecific inhibitory effect on cells any tissue. In this case, intravenous dantrolene, which prevents the Ca2 + from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus reduces the level of Ca2 + in the cytoplasm. Therefore, halothane is usually combined with nitrous oxide, narcotic analgesics, kurarepodobnoe Xeromammography Adverse effects of halothane: reduction of myocardial contractility, bradycardia, decreased blood pressure, sensitization myocardium to the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline (possible cardiac arrhythmias, is contraindicated in pheochromocytoma), a decrease tone and contractile activity of the myometrium. Diethyl ether causes pronounced analgesia and muscle relaxation. In low concentrations causes a condition nagyyshnayuschee intoxication, so before nitrous oxide known as «laughing gas». Drugs affecting the central nervous system, stimulate or inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses in the synapses. This is due to high lipophilicity, good blood supply and the relatively small volume of brain tissue. The stage of excitement is short-term, without the express restlessness. Unlike guanetidina reserpine easily penetrates blood-brain barrier and decreases in the CNS noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. Sevoflurane - one of the most modern drugs for inhalation anesthesia. Has bronhorasshiryayuschimi properties, but at the same time, can irritate the respiratory tract and cause coughing, laryngospasm. The role of master budget in the synapses of the central master budget system operates acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, gammaaminomaslyanaya acid (GABA), excitatory amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid),. Drug sufficient latitude. Sharply increased muscle tone.
